The following example shows all possible types of sorting in a normal array and also
in a hash/ associative array through Perl.
All The possible types of sorting are as follows :
1) Normal arrays = 2 types (ASCII wise sorting, numerical wise/ alphabetical wise
sorting) X 2 ways (ascending/ normal order, descending order)
Total we have 4 alternatives for sorting a normal array.
2) Hash/ Associative arrays:
i) Sorting on the basis of keys = 2 types (ASCII wise sorting, numerical wise/ alphabetical wise sorting) X 2 ways (ascending/ normal order, descending order)
Total we have 4 alternatives for sorting a hash/ associative arrays based on keys.
ii) Sorting on the basis of values = 1 type (numerical wise/ alphabetical wise sorting) X 2 ways (ascending/ normal order, descending order)
Total we have 2 alternatives for sorting a hash/ associative arrays based on values.
#!/usr/bin/perl
print "content-type: text/html \n\n";
###### sorting of an array with numeric values ########
@nums=(1,5,4,6,3,7,2,8,10,9);
print "Unsorted numbers from array: @nums\n";
@sorted_nums=sort(@nums); # ASCII wise sorting of normal array and storing the sorted result in another array
print "ASCII wise sorted numbers from array: @sorted_nums\n";
@sorted_nums=sort { $a <=> $b } @nums; # Numeric wise sorting of normal array and storing the sorted result in another array
print "Numeric wise sorted numbers from array: @sorted_nums\n";
@sorted_nums=sort { $b <=> $a } @nums; # Numeric wise sorting of normal array in reverse order and storing the sorted result in another array
print "Numeric wise sorted numbers in reverse order from array: @sorted_nums\n";
###### sorting of an array with character values ########
@chars=("B","a","d","C","E","f");
print "Unsorted characters from array: @chars\n";
@sorted_chars=sort(@chars); # ASCII wise sorting of normal array and storing the sorted result in another array
print "ASCII wise sorted characters from array: @sorted_chars\n";
@sorted_chars=sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } @chars; # Alphabet wise sorting of normal array and storing the sorted result in another array
print "Alphabetical wise sorted characters from array: @sorted_chars\n";
@sorted_chars=sort { lc($b) cmp lc($a) } @chars; # Alphabet wise sorting of normal array in reverse order and storing the sorted result in another array
print "Alphabetical wise sorted characters in reverse order from array: @sorted_chars\n";
###### sorting of hash/ associative arrays based on keys ########
%num_hash=(
1 => "one",
2 => "two",
3 => "three",
4 => "four",
5 => "five",
6 => "six",
7 => "seven",
8 => "eight",
9 => "nine",
10 => "ten",
);
print "\n-------------------------------------------\n";
foreach $key (sort keys%num_hash) # ASCII wise sorting of keys in hash/ associative array and displaying the sorted result on screen
{
print "ASCII wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=$key value=$num_hash{$key}\n";
}
print "\n-------------------------------------------\n";
foreach $key (reverse sort keys%num_hash) # ASCII wise sorting of keys in hash/ associative array in reverse order and displaying the sorted result on screen
{
print "ASCII wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=$key value=$num_hash{$key}\n";
}
print "\n-------------------------------------------\n";
foreach $key (sort { $a <=> $b } keys%num_hash) # Numeric wise sorting of keys in hash/ associative array and displaying the sorted result on screen
{
print "Numeric wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=$key value=$num_hash{$key}\n";
}
print "\n-------------------------------------------\n";
foreach $key (sort { $b <=> $a } keys%num_hash) # Numeric wise sorting of keys in hash/ associative array in reverse order and displaying the sorted result on screen
{
print "Numeric wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=$key value=$num_hash{$key}\n";
}
%char_hash=(
"B" => "ball",
"a" => "apple",
"d" => "doll",
"C" => "cat",
"E" => "elephant",
"f" => "fox",
);
print "\n-------------------------------------------\n";
foreach $key (sort keys%char_hash) # ASCII wise sorting of keys in hash/ associative array and displaying the sorted result on screen
{
print "ASCII wise sorted character keys from hash: key=$key value=$char_hash{$key}\n";
}
print "\n-------------------------------------------\n";
foreach $key (reverse sort keys%char_hash) # ASCII wise sorting of keys in hash/ associative array in reverse order and displaying the sorted result on screen
{
print "ASCII wise sorted character keys in reverse order from hash: key=$key value=$char_hash{$key}\n";
}
print "\n-------------------------------------------\n";
foreach $key (sort { lc($a) cmp lc($b) } keys%char_hash) # Alphabet wise sorting of keys in hash/ associative array and displaying the sorted result on screen
{
print "Alplabetical wise sorted character keys from hash: key=$key value=$char_hash{$key}\n";
}
print "\n-------------------------------------------\n";
foreach $key (sort { lc($b) cmp lc($a) } keys%char_hash) # Alphabet wise sorting of keys in hash/ associative array in reverse order and displaying the sorted result on screen
{
print "Alplabetical wise sorted character keys in reverse order from hash: key=$key value=$char_hash{$key}\n";
}
###### sorting of hash/ associative arrays based on values ########
%num_hash=(
"one",1,
"two",2,
"three",3,
"four",4,
"five",5,
"six",6,
"seven",7,
"eight",8,
"nine",9,
"ten",10,
);
print "\n-------------------------------------------\n";
foreach $key (sort { $num_hash{$a} <=> $num_hash{$b} } keys%num_hash) # Numeric wise sorting of values in hash/ associative array and displaying the sorted result on screen
{
print "Numeric wise sorted numeric values from hash: key=$key value=$num_hash{$key}\n";
}
print "\n-------------------------------------------\n";
foreach $key (sort { $num_hash{$b} <=> $num_hash{$a} } keys%num_hash) # Numeric wise sorting of values in hash/ associative array in reverse order and displaying the sorted result on screen
{
print "Numeric wise sorted numeric values in reverse order from hash: key=$key value=$num_hash{$key}\n";
}
%char_hash=(
"a" => "Ball",
"b" => "apple",
"c" => "Cat",
"d" => "doll",
"e" => "Elephant",
"f" => "fox",
);
print "\n-------------------------------------------\n";
foreach $key (sort { lc($char_hash{$a}) cmp lc($char_hash{$b}) } keys%char_hash) # Alphabet wise sorting of values in hash/ associative array and displaying the sorted result on screen
{
print "Alplabetical wise sorted character values from hash: key=$key value=$char_hash{$key}\n";
}
print "\n-------------------------------------------\n";
foreach $key (sort { lc($char_hash{$b}) cmp lc($char_hash{$a}) } keys%char_hash) # Alphabet wise sorting of values in hash/ associative array in reverse order and displaying the sorted result on screen
{
print "Alplabetical wise sorted character values in reverse order from hash: key=$key value=$char_hash{$key}\n";
}
Output:
-------
Unsorted numbers from array: 1 5 4 6 3 7 2 8 10 9
ASCII wise sorted numbers from array: 1 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Numeric wise sorted numbers from array: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Numeric wise sorted numbers in reverse order from array: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Unsorted characters from array: B a d C E f
ASCII wise sorted characters from array: B C E a d f
Alphabetical wise sorted characters from array: a B C d E f
Alphabetical wise sorted characters in reverse order from array: f E d C B a
-------------------------------------------
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=1 value=one
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=10 value=ten
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=2 value=two
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=3 value=three
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=4 value=four
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=5 value=five
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=6 value=six
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=7 value=seven
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=8 value=eight
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=9 value=nine
-------------------------------------------
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=9 value=nine
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=8 value=eight
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=7 value=seven
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=6 value=six
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=5 value=five
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=4 value=four
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=3 value=three
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=2 value=two
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=10 value=ten
ASCII wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=1 value=one
-------------------------------------------
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=1 value=one
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=2 value=two
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=3 value=three
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=4 value=four
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=5 value=five
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=6 value=six
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=7 value=seven
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=8 value=eight
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=9 value=nine
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys from hash: key=10 value=ten
-------------------------------------------
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=10 value=ten
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=9 value=nine
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=8 value=eight
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=7 value=seven
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=6 value=six
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=5 value=five
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=4 value=four
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=3 value=three
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=2 value=two
Numeric wise sorted numeric keys in reverse order from hash: key=1 value=one
-------------------------------------------
ASCII wise sorted character keys from hash: key=B value=ball
ASCII wise sorted character keys from hash: key=C value=cat
ASCII wise sorted character keys from hash: key=E value=elephant
ASCII wise sorted character keys from hash: key=a value=apple
ASCII wise sorted character keys from hash: key=d value=doll
ASCII wise sorted character keys from hash: key=f value=fox
-------------------------------------------
ASCII wise sorted character keys in reverse order from hash: key=f value=fox
ASCII wise sorted character keys in reverse order from hash: key=d value=doll
ASCII wise sorted character keys in reverse order from hash: key=a value=apple
ASCII wise sorted character keys in reverse order from hash: key=E value=elephant
ASCII wise sorted character keys in reverse order from hash: key=C value=cat
ASCII wise sorted character keys in reverse order from hash: key=B value=ball
-------------------------------------------
Alplabetical wise sorted character keys from hash: key=a value=apple
Alplabetical wise sorted character keys from hash: key=B value=ball
Alplabetical wise sorted character keys from hash: key=C value=cat
Alplabetical wise sorted character keys from hash: key=d value=doll
Alplabetical wise sorted character keys from hash: key=E value=elephant
Alplabetical wise sorted character keys from hash: key=f value=fox
-------------------------------------------
Alplabetical wise sorted character keys in reverse order from hash: key=f value=fox
Alplabetical wise sorted character keys in reverse order from hash: key=E value=elephant
Alplabetical wise sorted character keys in reverse order from hash: key=d value=doll
Alplabetical wise sorted character keys in reverse order from hash: key=C value=cat
Alplabetical wise sorted character keys in reverse order from hash: key=B value=ball
Alplabetical wise sorted character keys in reverse order from hash: key=a value=apple
-------------------------------------------
Numeric wise sorted numeric values from hash: key=one value=1
Numeric wise sorted numeric values from hash: key=two value=2
Numeric wise sorted numeric values from hash: key=three value=3
Numeric wise sorted numeric values from hash: key=four value=4
Numeric wise sorted numeric values from hash: key=five value=5
Numeric wise sorted numeric values from hash: key=six value=6
Numeric wise sorted numeric values from hash: key=seven value=7
Numeric wise sorted numeric values from hash: key=eight value=8
Numeric wise sorted numeric values from hash: key=nine value=9
Numeric wise sorted numeric values from hash: key=ten value=10
-------------------------------------------
Numeric wise sorted numeric values in reverse order from hash: key=ten value=10
Numeric wise sorted numeric values in reverse order from hash: key=nine value=9
Numeric wise sorted numeric values in reverse order from hash: key=eight value=8
Numeric wise sorted numeric values in reverse order from hash: key=seven value=7
Numeric wise sorted numeric values in reverse order from hash: key=six value=6
Numeric wise sorted numeric values in reverse order from hash: key=five value=5
Numeric wise sorted numeric values in reverse order from hash: key=four value=4
Numeric wise sorted numeric values in reverse order from hash: key=three value=3
Numeric wise sorted numeric values in reverse order from hash: key=two value=2
Numeric wise sorted numeric values in reverse order from hash: key=one value=1
-------------------------------------------
Alplabetical wise sorted character values from hash: key=b value=apple
Alplabetical wise sorted character values from hash: key=a value=Ball
Alplabetical wise sorted character values from hash: key=c value=Cat
Alplabetical wise sorted character values from hash: key=d value=doll
Alplabetical wise sorted character values from hash: key=e value=Elephant
Alplabetical wise sorted character values from hash: key=f value=fox
-------------------------------------------
Alplabetical wise sorted character values in reverse order from hash: key=f value=fox
Alplabetical wise sorted character values in reverse order from hash: key=e value=Elephant
Alplabetical wise sorted character values in reverse order from hash: key=d value=doll
Alplabetical wise sorted character values in reverse order from hash: key=c value=Cat
Alplabetical wise sorted character values in reverse order from hash: key=a value=Ball
Alplabetical wise sorted character values in reverse order from hash: key=b value=apple
